DUSOBANUKIRWE N‘INDWARA Y’UMUSONGA

Umusonga ni indwara ifata ibihaha ikaba iterwa n’udukoko two mu bwoko butandukanye Aho ariho hose ku isi umuntu ashobora kwandura umusonga nubwo hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyandura ugereranyije n’abandi. Ibimenyetso by’umusonga bigenda bihinduka biva kubyoroheje biganakubikomeye bitewe n'agakoko kibasiye umuntu.

        

Kuvura indwara y’umusonga bishingira ku cyawuteye, ubukana bw’ibimenyetso umurwayi afite, imyaka y’umurwayi, ndetse n’ubuzima bw’umurwayi muri rusange uko buhagaze. Iyi ndwara ivurwa hagati y’icyumweru kimwe na bitatu gusa ishobora kuba igikatu. Ku bw’amahirwe, mu buryo butandukanye umusonga ushobora kwirindwa hifashishijwe urukingo rw’ibicurane buri mwaka, gukaraba intoki buri gihe, ndetse no gukingira abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara urukingo rw’umusonga wo mubwoko bwihariye(pneumococcal pneumonia).

Ni iki gitera umusonga?

Umusonga ushobora guterwa na mikorobe zitandukanye harimo: bagiteri, funji na virusi. Uhereye kuri bagiteri kugeza kuri funji cyane cyane bituruka mu mu mwuka duhumeka. Kumenya ubwoko bw’agakoko kateye umusonga ni ingenzi cyane mu kuwuvura.

Bagiteri

Umusonga ukunze kugaragara uterwa na bagiteri ni uwo mu bwoko bw’umusonga wihariye uzwi mu cyongereza nka ‘pneumococcal pneumonia’. Uterwa n’agakoko kitwa ‘Pneumococus Pneumoniae’ (soma pinemokokusi pinemoniya) . Iyi bagiteri ubusanzwe yibera mu gice cyo hejuru cy’urungano rw’ubuhumekero kandi muri Amerika gusa ifata abantu barenga miliyoni 9 buri mwaka. Umusonga uterwa na bagiteri, ushobora kwizana cyangwa ukaza uherekeje ubundi bwandu umuntu afite harimo nk’ibicurane. Ushobora gufata igihande kimwe k’igihaha cyangwa ugafata ibihande bibiri byose rimwe na rimwe.

Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ubu bwoko bw ‘umusonga ni abaherutse kubagwa, abana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke bw’umubiri urugero nk’abanduye virusi itera Sida cyangwa abarwaye diyabete, ababaswe n’inzoga, n’abarwayi bari muri koma. Umusonga watewe na bagiteri ushobora kugarargaza ibimenyetso cyangwa ntubigaragaze.

Ubwoko bwinshi bw’uyu musonga ni ubutagaragaza ibimenyetso aho ibimenyetso byabwo bisa nk‘aho ari ntabyo. Ku mafoto bigaragara muburyo butandukanye. Nubwo izi bagiteri zitwa izitagaragaza ibimenyetso, ntabwo ari buri igihe.

Hari udukoko twinshi dutera umusonga ugaragaza ibimenyetso nk’ubwitwa streptococcus pneumonia(soma siterebutokokasi nemoniya), staphylococcus aureus (soma sitafilokokasi orewusi) na haemophilus influenza (soma hemofirasi imfuruwenza) n’izindi.

Urugero rwa bagiteri zitera ubwoko bw’umusonga utagaragaza ibimenyetso

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (soma mikopurazima nemoniya) : umusonga uterwa n’iyi bagiteri ufata cyane cyane abantu bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 40 by’umwihariko batuye cyangwa bakorera ahantu hari ubucucike bukabije nko mu nkambi, muri gereza n’akajagari. uburwayi buterwa n’iyi bagiteri buba buri

hagati y’ubukomeye n’ubukomeye cyane. Ni gake itera ubufite ubukana bukabije.

Chlamydia Pneumoniae (Karamidiya nemonia) : iyi bagiteri itera cyane cyane umusonga ufata igice cy’ubuhumekero cyo hejuru.

Regionella Pneumoniae (Rejiyonera nemoniya) : itera ubwoko bw’umusonga mubi cyane .Bitandukanye N’andi moko aho ava ku muntu umwe ajya ku wundi. ubwandu bwayo bwo buturuka mu mazi yanduye.

Virusi

Ubwoko bwinshi bw’umusonga uterwa na virusi buturuka kuri virusi yitwa ‘imfuruwenza ‘ishobora kuba mbi cyane. Igaragara cyane mu bantu bafite ubundi burwayi harimo ibihaha n’umutima. Bitandukanye n’umusonga uturuka kuri bagiteri, uyu musonga uterwa na virusi ntabwo ugira ibimenyetso bigaragara. Izindi virusi zitwa para influenza, rhinovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus n’izindi zitera umusonga uri hagati y’ukomeye n’uworoheje. Muri rusange izi virusi zigaragara muburyo butandukanye bijyanye n’imiterere yahantu, nyirukuzandura, bitewe n’igihe cyangwa se niba abantu barakingiwe cyangwa batarakingiwe.

Fungi

Umusonga uterwa na fungi ugira ubukana bwinshi cyane ku bantu bafite ubundi burwayi nka virusi itera Sida cyangwa badafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhagije ndetse no ku bantu bahuye n’izi fungi cyane nk’ubutaka bwanduye cyangwa ibiguruka.

Pneumocystis Pneumoniae ni ubwoko bw’umusonga bufite ubukana bwinshi cyane mu buturuka kuri fungi. Igaragara cyane mu bantu badafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhagije buturutse kuri Virusi itera Sida cyangwa imiti y’igihe kirerekire nk’ivura kanseri cyangwa abahawe izindi ngingo z’umubiri. Ubutaka ubwabwo bushobora kuba ikigega k’izi fungi nka coccydiomycosis ,histoplasmosis, na Cryptococcus. N’iyo mpamvu gukaraba kenshi intoki ari bumwe mu buryo bwo kwirinda umusonga.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’umusonga?

Inkorora, umuriro, kubabara mu gatuza, guhinda umushyitsi no kubura uko uhumeka ibi nibyo bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara. Ku musonga uterwa na virusi, ibimenyetso biri haruguru bibanzirizwa no kubabara umutwe, kubabara imikaya no gucika intege muri rusange.

Ni ryari wagana kwa muganga?

Igihe ubona ko cyangwa umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza umusonga, ihutire kugera kwa muganga utarinze gutegereza ko bikomera. Ihutire kugera kwa muganga cyane cyane mu gihe ubarizwa mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura umusonga. (abantu bafite imyaka 65 kuzamura, abana bato, abanywi bitabi n’abantu badafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhagije).

Uko basuzuma umusonga

Gusuzuma umusonga bisaba ibintu bine by’ingenzi : amakuru atangwa n’umurwayi, ,ibimenyetso bigaragara nk’umuriro, guhumekera hejuru ndetse n’amwe mu majwi yumvwa mu bihaha hifashishijwe icyuma cyabugenewe kitwa stethoscope. Hanifashishwa uburyo bw’amafoto.

                                                         

Nkuko bigaragara kuriyo foto iri hejuru igice cyo hejuru n’agace ko hagati cy’igihaha karijimye bigaragaza ko uyu muntu arwaye umusonga.

Hari ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa birimo ibyitwa CPR, serology na culture bishobora kugaragaza neza ubwoko bw ‘agakoko kateye umusonga.

Uko umusonga uvurwa

Bitewe n’ubukana bw’indwara, umurwayi ashobora kuvurwa ataha cyangwa acumbikiwe mu bitaro. Ahantu hatari ibikoresho bihagije, akenshi hifashishwa uburyo busanzwe haba ku musonga ugaragaza ibimenyetso ndetse no kutabigaragaza bitewe n’uburyo icyawuteye cyakwiriye. Mu gihe ubushobozi buhari,hifashishwa uburyo buhanitse mu gutahura neza ubwoko bw’agakoko kateye umusonga hanyuma bigakoresha imiti yihariye ijyanye nako gakoko harimo iyica bagiteri, irwanya virusi, ivura umuriro, iyongera amazi mu mubiri ndetse n’umwuka. Iyo uvuriwe ku gihe birinda ko wateza ubundi burwayi bwawuturukaho.

Uburwayi bushobora guturuka ku musonga

Ibibyimba byo mu bihaha, kunanirwa guhumeka, kwandura kw’amaraso ndetse n’urupfu iyo utavuwe neza kandi kugihe.

Ese umusonga ushobora kwirindwa ?

Yego.ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuba wawandura ufata urukingo mugihe igihe cy’ubukonje kegereje. Ku bana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 n’abantu barengeje imyaka 65 ni ngombwa gufata urukingo. Ikindi ni ugukaraba intoki igihe cyose biri ngombwa ukanirinda itabi.

Byanditswe na: Dr Felix MUSABIREMA, MD Umukozi w’umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi muri PORT-AU- PRINCE,HAITI. Wahoze ari umuganga wa minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda, ku bitaro bivura kanseri bya BUTARO.

Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda na: NIYONGIRA Norbert RN, BScN

Imvano:

1. www.nhs.uk/conditions/pneumonia/

2. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-community-acquired-pneumonia-in-adults?searc

3. www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes

4. https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/pneumonia-a-to-z